A Comparison of Fatigue, Depression, and Psychosocial Well-being according Care Dependency in Stroke Patients / 재활간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to compare fatigue, depression, and psychosocial well-being according to level of care dependency in stroke patients. @*Methods@#140 stroke patients participated in this descriptive correlation study. Data were collected from July 12, 2019, to March 25, 2020. The data collected using a structured questionnaire on care dependency, fatigue, depression, psychosocial well-being. To analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, x2 test, ANCOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used. @*Results@#Stroke patients with moderate to high level of care dependency showed higher fatigue compared to patients with low care dependency. The patients with high care dependency presented significantly higher depression than the patients with low and the moderate care dependency patients did. Low care dependency group had higher psychosocial well-being scores compared to moderate care dependency group, while moderate care dependency group had higher psychosocial well-being scores compared to high care dependency group. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study showed that stroke patients with high care dependency presented high fatigue and depression in addition to low well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply nursing interventions to reduce fatigue and depression and to promote psychosocial well-being for the patients with high level of care dependency.

Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Job Stress, and Social Support on Resilience among Hospital Nurses / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to identify the influence of emotional intelligence, job stress, and social support on resilience of hospital nurses. The study will provide the basic material necessary to improve nursing interventions for the development of nurses' resilience. @*Methods@#The sample of this study comprised 193 nurses working at general hospitals in B City. Data were analyzed through the SPSS 25.0 program using ANOVA, t-test, Scheffé́ ́ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. @*Results@#The factors with the greatest influence on the level of nurses' resilience were emotional intelligence (β=.54, p<.001), social support (β=.23, p<.001), and job stress (β=-.11, p=.39). These factors had an explanatory power of 46.7% for resilience. @*Conclusion@#To improve nurses’ resilience, the application and development of intervention programs to increase their emotional intelligence is necessary. Moreover, organizational management and policy are needed to reduce nurses' job stress.

Structure equation modeling of job embeddedness in general hospital nurses / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting a hypothetical model of testing for general hospital nurses’ job embeddedness. @*Methods@#Data were collected from August 20 to September 19, 2021, by a self-administered questionnaire answered by 428 general hospital nurses. The data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS. @*Results@#Nine of the hypothetical model’s 12 hypotheses were supported by the data collected from all participants. The test results indicate that ego resilience, subjective career success, and recovery experience from job stress directly affect participants’ job embeddedness. Nurses’ work environments were reported to affect ego resilience and subjective career success, while at the same time ego resilience and subjective career success affected the participants’ job embeddedness. Work-life balance was found to affect ego resilience and ego resilience affected subjective career success, and at the same time subjective career success directly affected participants’ recovery experiences from job stress and job embeddedness. Of these variables, subjective career success had the strongest direct effect on participants’ job embeddedness. Work-life balance affected the participants’ recovery experiences from job stress, and their recovery experiences from job stress were found to directly affect job embeddedness. @*Conclusion@#These results suggest that different management strategies to enhance hospital nurses’ job embeddedness should address nurses’ ego resilience, subjective career success, and recovery experiences from job stress.

Effect of Job Stress, Emotional Labor, and Positive Psychological Capital on the Job Satisfaction of Physician Assistants / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job stress, emotional labor, and positive psychological capital on the job satisfaction of physician assistants (PAs). METHODS: The sample consisted of 166 PAs working in general hospitals in B city, Y city, and C city. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors of job stress (β=−.488, p<.001), positive psychological capital (β=.188, p=.004), and total clinical career (β=−.147, p=.014) had the greatest influence on the level of job satisfaction experienced by the PAs. The total explanatory power was 49.9%. CONCLUSION: It was found that job stress, positive psychological capital, and total clinical career were influencing factors in the job satisfaction of PAs. Therefore, to improve their job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop strategies to manage the job stress experienced by PAs, and to strengthen and develop positive psychological capital.

Effect of Job Stress, Emotional Labor, and Positive Psychological Capital on the Job Satisfaction of Physician Assistants / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE@#The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job stress, emotional labor, and positive psychological capital on the job satisfaction of physician assistants (PAs).@*METHODS@#The sample consisted of 166 PAs working in general hospitals in B city, Y city, and C city. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.@*RESULTS@#The factors of job stress (β=−.488, p<.001), positive psychological capital (β=.188, p=.004), and total clinical career (β=−.147, p=.014) had the greatest influence on the level of job satisfaction experienced by the PAs. The total explanatory power was 49.9%.@*CONCLUSION@#It was found that job stress, positive psychological capital, and total clinical career were influencing factors in the job satisfaction of PAs. Therefore, to improve their job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop strategies to manage the job stress experienced by PAs, and to strengthen and develop positive psychological capital.

Knowledge, Confidence, and Learning Needs Regarding Advance Directives among Hospital Nurses / 중환자간호학회지

PURPOSE: Nurses' knowledge regarding advance directives may affect their administration of and confidence towards end of life care. This study aimed to describe the relationships of knowledge, confidence, and learning needs with advance directives among hospital nurses.METHOD: This cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary university hospital in Seoul between September 25 and October 14, 2017. Convenience sampling was used to recruit nurses who provided bedside care and had at least 1 year of clinical experience. We used a validated self-report questionnaire.RESULTS: The mean score of knowledge, confidence and learning needs were 5.00±1.73, 29.81±7.52, and 64.54±8.48 respectively. Hospital nurses' knowledge, confidence and learning needs were significantly different according to age, job position, educational level and perceived advance directives. Knowledge regarding advance directives was significantly associated with confidence (r = .27, p < .001) and learning needs (r = .16, p = .005).CONCLUSION: Knowledge regarding advance directives was relatively low compared to the findings of previous studies. Therefore, nurses should be knowledgeable and encouraged to initiate advance directives. It is necessary to develop a standardized educational program regarding advance directives based on Korean cultures.

Effect of Positive Psychological Capital, Sense of Community and Stress on Middle School Students' School Adjustment

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological capital, sense of community and stress in relation to school adjustment and to identify factors influencing school adjustment in middle school students. METHODS: This study population consisted of 150 middle school students. Data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score for school adjustment in middle school students was 3.68 out of 5 points. School adjustment explained 34% of the variance in sense of community (β=.39, p < .001), positive psychological capital (β=.35, p < .001), academic performance (β=.26, p < .001), and stress (β=−.21, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results of our research suggest that sense of community is an important variable influencing school adjustment in middle school students. Therefore, to promote school adjustment in middle school students, it is necessary to develop and implement active educational strategies promoting sense of community, positive psychological capital, academic perfomance, and controlling stress.

Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents Living in a Multi-cultural Family in South Korea: Gender Difference

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its predictors in adolescents living in a multi-cultural family, with a focus on gender differences. METHODS: A total of 795 students attending junior high school or high school who lived in a multi-cultural family were enrolled in this study. The 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was conducted in 2015. Data from this survey were collected and analyzed using SPSS program, with Rao-Scott chi-square test and complex samples multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation in adolescents living in a multi-cultural family was 17.2% (14.1% in boys and 20.9% in girls). Happiness and depression were significant predictors of suicidal ideation in both boys and girls. However, the experience of violence was an additional significant predictor in boys, whereas economic status and sleep satisfaction were significant predictors affecting the prevalence of suicidal ideation in girls. CONCLUSION: This study found gender differences in the predictors of suicidal ideation in adolescents living in a multi-cultural family. The findings suggest that the development of suicide prevention programs for this population may require different approaches for girls and for boys. It is also suggested that educational programs are developed that address the variables identified.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate validity and reliability of the Korean version of the expanded nursing stress scale (ENSS). METHODS: Forward-backward translation of ENSS from English to Korean was conducted. The translated instrument was pilot-tested and administrated to 285 nurses who worked in five general hospitals in Korea. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Validity was evaluated through construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity. RESULTS: The Korean version of ENSS showed a reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha .95 and composite reliability .99. Model fit indexes for 46 items were validated by confirmatory factor analysis(goodness of fit index .82, Tucker-Lewis index .92, root mean square error of approximation .04), indicating suitable construct validity. Factor loading of the 48 items (.47~.88) and average variance extracted out of nine factors (.52~.71.) indicated satisfactory convergent validity. Some values of square of the correlation coefficient between factors (.12~.89) were higher than average variance extracted values of each factor (.52~.71) so that it partly satisfied discriminant validity. CONCLUSION: Findings show that the Korean version ENSS has good reliability and suitable validity; therefore, can be used to assess and identify Korean nurses' job stress.

Factors Affecting Prostate Cancer Screening Behavior

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the factors affecting prostate cancer screening behavior in Korean men using the health belief model (HBM). METHODS: It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A total of 121 participants answered questionnaires which included general characteristics, knowledge, and HBM variables related to prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening tests. RESULTS: Only 18 participants (14.9%) had had a prostate cancer screening test before. Participants who had had a prostate cancer screening test were more likely to perceive lower health status (odds ratio: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.93]), higher perceived sensitivity (odds ratio: 3.55 [95% confidence interval: 1.11, 11.36]), and higher self-efficacy (odds ratio: 5.77 [95% confidence interval: 1.51, 22.08]) than participants who had not had a test. CONCLUSION: We recommend developing an educational program which can increase the level of perceived sensitivity and self-efficacy to involve themselves in prostate cancer screening test actively.

Predictors of Intention to Quit Smoking in the Korean Navy Smokers

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors associated with the intention to quit smoking in smokers from the Korean navy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 290 smokers from the navy. Data were collected from July 1 to July 10, 2013 and analyzed using the chi2 test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Three instruments-'Stages of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure', 'Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency' and 'Self-Efficacy for Smoking Cessation'-were used. RESULTS: The 57.9% of smokers had intentions to stop smoking. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following significant factors were related to intention to quit smoking: age at starting smoking (odds ratio [OR]=1.23, P=0.002), previous attempts to quit (OR=2.74, P=0.001), self-efficacy for smoking cessation (OR=1.05, P=0.045), and nicotine dependence (OR=0.79, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the smokers in the navy started smoking in adolescence; thus community and school-based smoking prevention education could be very important. In addition, it is necessary to develop interventions to encourage those with failed past attempts to try quitting smoking again.

Predictors of Intention to Quit Smoking in the Korean Navy Smokers

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors associated with the intention to quit smoking in smokers from the Korean navy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 290 smokers from the navy. Data were collected from July 1 to July 10, 2013 and analyzed using the chi2 test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Three instruments-'Stages of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure', 'Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency' and 'Self-Efficacy for Smoking Cessation'-were used. RESULTS: The 57.9% of smokers had intentions to stop smoking. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following significant factors were related to intention to quit smoking: age at starting smoking (odds ratio [OR]=1.23, P=0.002), previous attempts to quit (OR=2.74, P=0.001), self-efficacy for smoking cessation (OR=1.05, P=0.045), and nicotine dependence (OR=0.79, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the smokers in the navy started smoking in adolescence; thus community and school-based smoking prevention education could be very important. In addition, it is necessary to develop interventions to encourage those with failed past attempts to try quitting smoking again.

Predictors of Intention to Quit Smoking in the Korean Navy Smokers

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors associated with the intention to quit smoking in smokers from the Korean navy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 290 smokers from the navy. Data were collected from July 1 to July 10, 2013 and analyzed using the chi2 test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Three instruments-'Stages of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure', 'Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency' and 'Self-Efficacy for Smoking Cessation'-were used. RESULTS: The 57.9% of smokers had intentions to stop smoking. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following significant factors were related to intention to quit smoking: age at starting smoking (odds ratio [OR]=1.23, P=0.002), previous attempts to quit (OR=2.74, P=0.001), self-efficacy for smoking cessation (OR=1.05, P=0.045), and nicotine dependence (OR=0.79, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the smokers in the navy started smoking in adolescence; thus community and school-based smoking prevention education could be very important. In addition, it is necessary to develop interventions to encourage those with failed past attempts to try quitting smoking again.

Adaptation Experiences in South Korea of Men defecting from North Korea

PURPOSE: The study was done to explore meanings and essence of the experience in South Korea of men defectors from North Korea. METHODS: Data were collected from March, 2011 to May, 2012, through in-depth interviews with ten men defectors. Data analysis was conducted using the process of hermeneutic phenomenological reflection. RESULTS: Eight essential themes were extracted; 'buoyant expectation for a new life', 'feeling guilty about family left behind in North Korea', 'inability to become acclimatized due to communication difficulties', 'inability to socialize with South Koreans due to different lifestyles', 'finding strength through trustworthy acquaintances', 'continuing reconciliation with oneself while trying to assimilate into South Korean culture', 'self-realization of one's original self', and 'continuing to feel out the possibility of a future in South Korea'. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that North Korean men who defect to South Korea shape their identity through three phases: forming self-image during escape from North Korea, trying to become accustomed to South Korean society, and finding their own identity by self-realization of their original self. Eventually, the whole process enables them to recover their identity, to feel a sense of belonging, and to discover possibilities for a better future.

Discrimination between Benign and Malignant Pelvic Masses Using the Risk of Malignancy Index 1 / 대한폐경학회지

OBJECTIVES: To assess the ability of risk of malignancy index (RMI) 1 to discriminate between benign and malignant pelvic masses. METHODS: Between January 2007 and December 2010, 547 women with pelvic masses were evaluated. Their medical records are reviewed here retrospectively. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the cancer antigen (CA) 125 level, ultrasound findings and menopausal status in the prediction of malignant pelvic masses were calculated and compared individually or combined using the RMI 1. RESULTS: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of CA 125, the ultrasound score and the RMI 1 were all found to be relevant predictors of malignancy. ROC analysis of the RMI 1, CA 125 serum levels, ultrasound score and menopausal status showed areas under the curves of 0.795, 0.782, 0.784 and 0.594, respectively. The RMI 1 was found to be statistically significantly correlated with menopausal status (P = 0.001), while not statistically significantly correlated with CA 125 (P = 0.628) or the ultrasound score (P = 0.541). The RMI 1 at a cut-off of 150 - with a sensitivity of 77.9%, specificity of 81.1%, positive predictive value of 51.7% and negative predictive value of 93.4% - showed the highest performance in determining the malignant tendency of pelvic masses. CONCLUSION: Accepting a RMI 1 cut-off value of 150 results in statistically more significant diagnostic criteria than menopausal status for the discrimination of benign and malignant pelvic masses.

A Case of Pyloric Gland Adenoma in the Cardia of the Stomach, Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection / 대한내과학회지

Pyloric gland adenoma is a recently described neoplasia that is very rare. It was first classified as a gastric tumor in 1990. Pyloric gland adenomas occur predominantly in old age, more frequently in women than in men, and they are often found in patients suffering from autoimmune gastritis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which is strongly positive for MUC6 and MUC5AC, expressed in the superficial layer. A pyloric gland adenoma is a type of gastric tumor, but it has also been reported in the gallbladder, pancreatic duct, duodenum, cervix of the uterus, rectum, and Barrett's esophagus. In 30% of gastric pyloric adenomas, transition to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma has been noted. Therefore, these lesionsshould be removed. In our case, the lesion was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. We report a case of pyloric gland adenoma in the cardia of the stomach showing typical endoscopic and microscopic features. This is the first case of pyloric gland adenoma of the stomach reported in Korea.

The effects of amounts of intraoperative intravenous fluid administration on postoperative nausea and vomiting during gynecological surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Perioperative fluid deficits is known to induce the intestinal ischemia and release the emetogenic factors like serotonin. Many studies have reported that there is a close association between the amount of perioperative fluid administration and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In this study, we examined whether amounts of intraoperative intravenous fluid administration would be related with the incidence of PONV in patients scheduled for gynecological surgery. METHODS: One hundred twenty gynecological patients with ASA I-II were randomized to receive either large (18 ml/kg/hr) or small (6 ml/kg/hr) volume infusion of lactated Ringer's solution intraoperatively. The incidence of PONV, severity of pain, and need for supplemental antiemetic and analgesic therapy were assessed by a blinded investigator at 0-2, 2-6, and 6-24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the severity of pain and amounts of rescue antiemetics and rescue analgesics administration at any given time. There were no differences between the two groups regarding the incidence of PONV at 0-2, 2-6, and 6-24 h, postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative large volume infusion of lactated Ringer's solution was ineffective in reducing the incidence of PONV in patients scheduled for gynecological surgery during the postoperative period.

Comparisons of Quality of Life, Sexual Function, and Depression in Sexually Active or Inactive Groups of Women with Mastectomy / 종양간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to compare quality of life, sexual function, and depression between a group with sexually active women and the other with sexually inactive women who undertaken mastectomy. METHODS: Participants were 106 breast cancer patients who had spouse and participated in self-help group in Gwangju, Korea. The questionnaires were consisted of Quality of Life Index-Cancer Version (Q.L.I.-C), self-rating depression scale, and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 14.0 K+ for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANCOVA, and MANOVA. RESULTS: There were no homogeneity at age, job, educational years between sexually active vs. inactive groups. In sexually active group, mean age was 46.1, having job 34.5%, bachelor's degree 38.2%, and pre-menopause 79.2%; for the inactive group 49.6, 10.4%, 12.5%, and 52.7% seperately. There were significant differences in quality of life, sexual function, and depression between two groups when four covariates were controlled. The quality of life and sexual function in sexually active group were significantly higher than inactive group(p<0.001). The depression in sexually active group was significantly lower than inactive group(p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that nurses are needed to counsel and intervene psychosexual approach especially sexually inactive women with breast cancer during the recovery period.

Spinal myoclonus on upper extremities following spinal anesthesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Clonic movement is a rare complication that occurs after neuraxial blockade. We report our experience with an 18-year-old man developing myoclonic movement on his both upper extremities following intrathecal injection of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for varicocelectomy. One and half hour after spinal anesthesia, he developed bilateral, rhythmic myoclonic movements on upper extremities. Two days after surgery, neck flexion was observed. Symptoms sustained for about one month but frequency and severity of clonic movement had been reduced by anticonvulsants and muscle relaxant therapy. Four weeks later, he recovered without any complication.

Effects of Self Efficacy Promoting Programs on Self Efficacy, Self Care Behavior and Psychosocial Adaptation in Patients with a Colostomy / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of self-efficacy promoting program on self-efficacy, self-care behavior and psychosocial adaptation in patients with a colostomy. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group pre test post test design was used. The self efficacy promoting programs was composed of a CD image program based on varicaious experience, education and telephone coaching program based on verbal persuasion, and Stoma care practice, and Self care performance based on performance accomplishment. This study was carried out from July 2, 2005 to April 20, 2006 and 21 patients with a colostomy at one of 2 hospitals participated. Descriptive statistics, chi-square-test, and Mann-whitney U test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significantly different for specific self efficacy, self care and psychosocial adaptation between the experimental group and control group. CONCLUSION: The self efficacy promoting program for patients with stomas was effective in improving degree of specific self efficacy, self care and psychosocial adaptation.